Recycling Behavior Among University Students

cycle Behavior Among University StudentsThe purpose of our field of view is to find the itemors alter multimedia scholars to reuse. We drive home four indep terminusent changeables which atomic number 18 wellness consciousness, health consciousness, rewards convenience, and unrivalled low-level variable which is students reuse expression. What appears unavailable is documentation on critical issues involve and how to address them. This paper, at that placefore, examines the locations portrayed by students towards recycle. We exercisingd convey abreast questionnaire to commit on entropy from 100 answerers. The political sympathies and the community pile use our findings to find ship bearing to make people cycle much(prenominal) and spell energy.CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONChapter OverviewThis chapter clearly provides much insight into the importance of the incumbent query. It begins with a quick theater on the background of the explore. It includes the q uestion in detail and how to get to the answer or solution. in that location leave alvirtuoso be an interpretation of what this bailiwick is solely astir(predicate) and in addition the scope of the study. This chapter testament in the long run conclude with a brief overview of the question.Background of the query cycle is a much required thing in order to keep this planet from turning into a trash dump. A lot of people feel that recycle is a superfluity of time and insignifi hindquarterst, evidently it takes slight than a jiffy to throw a paper in a recycle bin just like it take a minute to open a wrap and eat a sweet. only they should neck that whatever cycle they do place make a difference of opinion for instance one aluminum can unbosoms luxuriant energy to occur a T.V for 3 hours, a single glass jar renders enough energy to light a light bulb for 4 hours. So for everything you recycle it does save energy. In Malaysia tones of do in ar produced, 19000, and all them end up in landfills and on that point atomic number 18 230 landfills in Malaysia. And 80 percent of this landfills exit be filled in two long time, which is really mediocre be case if the landfills r separately that capacity in only two years, what capacity would they be in an separate two years to come?(David Gutierrez, December 2010)What people believe is that non umteen things can be recycled maybe years ago it could be believed to be true but non today. now anything can be recycled paper can be bound into tenderspapers, manuals, initiate books and paper boxes, metals like aluminum, sauce cans and pots, plastics, glass, bever suppurate cartons etc. And there atomic number 18 companies in Malaysia that encourage recycle and they provide recycle machines SMIC (M) Sdn Bhd which provide cycle services of waste, Nikkhsin Sdn. Bhd. Which recycles Aluminum Claddings Automotive Engines trade Automotive give aways Accessories Export Disposal Services Garbage Disposal Service, Lian Hong Trading, Kent Soon reuse shopping center Sdn. Bhd, Ganapathy Metals, GMS Purna Impex and Edar Bagus. Mentioned above ar the recycle centers that could be found in Malaysia.recycle is a less(prenominal)(prenominal)on that one should be taught in a young age, but I shows that most people have it away ab knocked aside(p) cycle when they are old enough to understand and able to make their decisions. MMU would find slipway in which to get by dint of to the students and how the students respond to the information is up to them, thats what our research would be for the most part looking, how multimedia system students respond to the education given just astir(predicate) recycling. Recyclingdoes not cost anything, it takes only a little spear carrier time, and one can make an amazing difference to the world. In numerous regionsrecycling boxesare not provided which people can use to collect recyclable materials for collection at the said(pre nominal) time as their interior(prenominal) waste.1.3ObjectiveThe research question and also the objectives are established in order to provide a sense of direction on the stem that is being investigated. The research question of this study is to find outWhat are the factors affecting MMU students to recycle?The main objective or the reason why we are doing this research is for us to examine theTo determine problems faced by students in recycling?To identify factors affecting students to recycle1.4 Scope of studyIn accordance of the upshot we are studying which is recycling since this topic is wide we have to narrow it down to the students studying in multimedia system University. The main focus of this study is to find out the cause of recycling, as in the positive of recycling and also the negative of recycling among the students.This study is limited to students only. The geographic scope is limited to the country of Malaysia. These limits nevertheless adduce a reasonable b ase and rationale for the scope of study. The data was peaceful through a questionnaire slew which was completed by students with the intention of measuring rod the effects of recycling among students in MMU.Organization ResearchThis part is passing to make more factual information by use the pursuance chapter that are given by the textbook and also an order from our lieu lecturer/tutor.Chapter 1 The research is lead by studying the effects of which are related to the research objectives and justifications. And it may lead us to a conclusion why recycling is important to our surroundings and also to our health.Chapter 2 This chapter is going to present a review of the definition of recycling and ways to increase education relating to reuse reduce and recycle, basically programs adopted by MMU to encourage its students to recycle.Chapter 3 This chapter allow present the research methodology that was utilize in the research, it clarifies how we get the data, and analysis thi s raw data to work it into a useful and easy way to make others fully understand it.Chapter 4 The major findings and insights that are emphasized by us in this research which are to discover the basic reasons why approximately students recycle piece others do not recycle at all, and the effectiveness of the programs that were offered by the university in encouraging recycling.Chapter 5 This is the final chapter, conclusion from the research findings and argueions. And also it grittylights the limitations associated with the research and a proper recommendation for future research in the unique(predicate) area, because nowadays everything can be recycled therefore there wont be any excuse students result give for not recycling and many programs provided to learn about recycle and how to do it.1.6 Justification for Research looking at the fact that not so many people do not recycle, and thats because the legal age do not issue anything about recycling , it could that about o f them do not know the importance of recycling and finally some will want to recycle and because of lack of resources that will be hindered. That is why we do this study to find the answer to all those questions and to put the 3R perspective .into use.This 3 concept are the main purpose of the recycling which is 3R. From this perspective, we intend to study the recycling mien among the MMU students. Nowadays, almost all universities is applying environmental friendly concept. Due to this concept, we are looking deeply into these experiences, to learn from the MMU undergraduates and vex revealing how the students can inform us to move into the realm of wide-spread mental homeal transformation. The reason we agreed together to have recycling as our jump out is mainly because nowadays almost all universities in the world had organize several campaigns about the recycling.MMU also joined in organizing campaign relating to environmental friendly. For example, MMU Convocation 2010s Co nvoFests theme is green. Hence, our objective is to know how actively MMU undergraduates feel towards environmental-friendly concept. apart from it, we will use survey method to gather information that needed by collecting raw data from MMU undergraduates. For the importance, recycling no query is really vital nowadays. This is because this will affect the industry future and the environment. At current, we are mainly foc utilize on the undergraduates in the university. If we found out that undergraduates are actively involved in this field, shows that in future there would be more people involved in recycling. This will channel to environmental-friendly.Our study will utility a lot of people mostly the government and the community in the vicinity will be benefited. The government will be benefited in terms of the fact that now the environment will be less polluted pastce more industries will be built, The more materials recycled, the less energy is expended to create new mate rials, the more resources conserved and the more trash and pollutants are kept from entering the environment. Recycling services to keep water and air clean, saves the wildlife and keeps trash off the streets. Recycling also helps to control Municipal Services Fees by reducing the total list of trash to be taken to landfills. And the community will be benefited in terms of clean air to breath and less trash in their streets, good health will also be a benefit to the community because the trash now is recycled instead than being thrown all over.CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 definition of recyclingis processing use materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the pulmonary tuberculosis of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air defilement (from incineration) and water pollution by reducing the need for conventional waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to virgin production. Or plainly it is returning an item back to its original condition so that it can be reused. Recycling behavior includes environmental consciousness, health consciousness, rewards and convenience. Some of these attributes can be metric objectively while others, in our case, are saloond according to students perception. Recycling is so important to the welfare of our community.Majority students already know that recycling helps conserve natural resources, and also know that recycling saves stead in our landfills. On the other hand, few know that recycling waste products conserves water, energy, trees, and helps reduce pollution in our drinking water and air. But for some products its crucial to conserve them example conserving energy by way of recycling is a crucial environmental benefit because it takes far less energy to make new products and put them into working order utilize recycled waste than it does to make them from entirely new material.In dealing with students more reinforcement should be taken into consideration, like ways to encourage them to recycle, and research shows that rewards work for students. Nevertheless, it seems hard to match the evidence that the reward reinforcement is one of the most effective promotion techniques (Geller et al., 1975 Witmer and Geller, 1976 Luyben and Bailey, 1979 Hamad et al., 1980 Vining and Ebreo, 1990 Needleman and Geller, 1992.2.2 Definition of students recycling behaviorFrom todays perspective, new recycling behavior would appear to have commenced in the seventies, when households were exhorted to save paper, cardboard, metals and other materials in an attempt to combat the energy crisis (Ackerman, 1997). The recycling drive involved not only a general urge to take activity and reduce wastefulness, but also more specific reactions to the spread of litter, and to the affright of pollution from landfills. Hence, it seemed logical to assume that recycling was not only a high amour form of behavior but also that there would be many diff erences amidst recyclers and non-recyclers (Lansana, 1992). The recycling behavior of students differs with every student, some recycling because they fill it is important in their lives and some of them do not recycle because they see no need to recycle.Recycling behavior is considered as a high commitment since it is considered a environment conduct and in addition the predominant environmental literature emphasizes the idea that undivideds who are averse(p) to recycle, or who neither secern the importance of, nor express interest in, recycling waste are the same individuals who are most interested in extrinsic stimuli such as prizes, gifts and financial rewards (Vining and Ebreo, 1990 Oskamp et al., 1991 Dahle and Neumayer, 2001) the study justifys that some students recycling behavior is encouraged by rewards or extrinsic value rather than recycling because it is the right thing to do. Study shows that students who behave (focus on outdoor(a) reinforcement) that way have l ess information about recycling. To be more specific, the response to the reward technique is explained by pointing out that consumers have not assimilated good enough knowledge and evaluations, such as ecologic sense of right and wrong (Bohlen et al., 1993) beliefs about recycling (Scholder, 1994) ecological concern (Dunlap and Van Liere 1984 Bohlen et al., 1993) a well-situated attitude toward recycling (Biswas et al., 2000) and recycling involvement (McGuiness et al., 1977 Black et al., 1985.2.3 factors affecting students to recycleThere are lots of factors that affect students to recycle some factors can be controlled while others cannot be controlled, these factors include collection method (segregated or mixed materials) ,space for collection and storage of reusables and recyclables ,geographical location, particularly in relation to markets for reprocessing materials ,size of institution and volume of recyclable material ,other important factors include local way faciliti es, charging structure and supportonly to name a few. In fact, consumers instruction requirements regarding recycling are easily satisfied since beliefs about recycling have already been acquired by the average citizen and the waste-collection system has r all(prenominal)ed a high trite of convenience which reduces its perceived cost (Ackerman, 1997).Study shows that educating students about recycling could help also, the factors given above could all exist but when students do not know anything about recycling then everything becomes vague. Education on recycling in fact is one of the major factors affecting recycling, the knowledge gained by students through that education can help them choose whether they want to recycle or not. The question is whether or not recycling continues to be of the high involvement category, and if it is not, whether to assume that responders and no responders to the reward technique display crucial differences in terms of knowledge and evaluations. To understand this seemingly paradoxical cloth it must be appreciated that nowadays recycling is a good deal not high involvement behavior, since recycling has long since become part of modern culture and is no longer regarded as a novelty (Rogers, 1995).2.4 relationship between recycling and students behaviorNevertheless, according to recent research, the high involvement decisions model is not the only one which is valid for explaining both ecological (Hartmann et al., 2002) and recycling behaviors (Ratneshwar et al., 2003) and it therefore seems possible to represent recycling behaviors by using other hierarchies of effect (Diaz and Beerli, 2004). Such approaches are based on the fact that (1) much previous evidence points to the existence of associations or correlations, and not of cause and effect relationships, in recycling adoption models (Schlegelmilch et al., 1996) and (2) no works have been found that contradict the protocol of classic effects. basically the above write rs explain that there is a difference between recycling and the behavior of students or their attitude. Some students or in this case majority feel there is an importance in recycling and they want to learn more about recycling because they will like to recycling in the future. But because of less education given about it they Havre no choice but not to recycle. Another group is those students with negative attitude they feel there is no need to recycle because is none of their business to recycle but some of them need a nudge or a jabbing for them to recycle. And to push students to recycle is through extrinsic benefits or rewards, they need that for them to change their attitude towards recycling, and research shows that rewards are a good way to make students recycle and they respond to that more than anything else involved.According to Petty and Cacioppos elaboration likelihood model, the individual is not motivated to think about recycling but about the promised reward. Theref ore, responders engage in recycling via the so called peripheral route and thus show little interest in recycling itself (Young, 1984 Katzev and Pardini, 1987 Vining and Ebreo, 1989).The predominant environmental literature emphasizes the idea that individuals who are reluctant to recycle, or who neither recognize the importance of, nor express interest in, recycling waste are the same individuals who are most interested in extrinsic stimuli such as prizes, gifts and financial rewards (Vining and Ebreo, 1990 Oskamp et al., 1991 Dahle and Neumayer,2001).CHAPTER 3RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1 IntroductionThis chapter explains about the foundation and research method. Firstly, research question has been identifying by the review, hypotheses and hypothetic framework. The qualified variable of the research is recycle behavior while the independent variables are environmental consciousness, health consciousness, rewards/ incentives, nearness or convenience. Second part of this chapter, it wi ll discuss the hypothesis development.3.2 Research Frameworkenvironmental consciousnessSTUDENTS RECYCLING doings closeness/convenienceRewards/incentivesHealth consciousnessBased on the theoretical framework, it have total of 4 independent variables which will be study towards one dependent variable in this study. The dependent variable which is, cycle Behavior would be affected in a positive or negative manner based on the independent variables influences.3.3 Hypothesis nurtureHypothesis 1H0= Environmental Consciousness does not influence recycle Behavior.H1= Environmental influences Recycle Behavior.Hypothesis 2H0= Health Consciousness does not influence Recycle Behavior.H1= Health Consciousness influences Recycle Behavior.Hypothesis 3H0= Rewards/ Incentives does not influence Recycle Behavior.H1= Rewards/ Incentives influences Recycle Behavior.Hypothesis 4H0= Nearness or devisal does not influence Recycle Behavior.H1= Nearness or Convenience influences Recycle Behavior.Depend ent VariableDependent Variable is a variable that can be change by the Independent variables or the variable that is being measured in an experiment.Recycle Behavior is our study dependent variable. A habit had by the people to process used material into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful material. It saves a lot of sources. (Environmental financial aid Office (EAO), Infrastructure, Design, Environment, and Sustainability (IDEAS) Center, UNC Charlotte, 2009).Independent VariableIndependent and dependent variables are related to one another. The Independent part is what you, the experimenter, changes or enacts in order to do your experiment. The dependent variable is what changes when the independent variable changes. The dependent variabledepends on the outcome of the independent variable.From the study we have 4 Independent variable Environmental Consciousness, Health Consciousness, Rewards/ Incentives, and Nearness or Convenience.Environmental Consciousness mean that there is no cave in measure of environmental responsibility than direct observation of young people, over a portentous period where people are minimizing their environmental impact, reducing consumption and reusing and recycling materials. (Bill Hampel and Roger Holdsworth, 1996).H1= Environmental Consciousness influences Recycle Behavior.Health Consciousness recycle behavior relationship for health consciousnesses is for good health. (Debasmita Chanda, 2006) Example To have a better life environmental with less pollution problem.H1= Health Consciousness influences Recycle Behavior.Rewards/ Incentives the expectation of reward when you to do the recycle. Example Jenny take the 1kg of the tin to recycle, there have a return of RM 3 for the 1kg tin as the reward.H1= Rewards/ Incentives influences Recycle Behavior.Nearness or Convenience Convenience was determining when students will recycle or not. (Environmental Assistance Office (EAO), Infrastructure, Design, Environment, and Sustainability (IDEAS) Center, UNC Charlotte, 2009)H1= Nearness or Convenience influences Recycle Behavior3.4 selective information SourcesWe are collecting our study data sources through the internet.Variable NameDescriptionSourcesRecycle BehaviorA habit had by the people to process used material into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materialEnvironmental Assistance Office (EAO), Infrastructure, Design, Environment, and Sustainability (IDEAS) Center, UNC Charlotte, 2009Environmental Consciousnessthere is no better measure of environmental responsibility than direct observation of young people, over a significant period who are minimizing their environmental impact, reducing consumption and reusing and recycling materialsBill Hampel and Roger Holdsworth, 1996Health Consciousnessrecycle behavior relationship between the health consciousness for good healthDebasmita Chanda, 2006Rewards/ Incentivesthe expectation of reward when you to do the recycleNearness or Conve nienceConvenience was determining when students will recycle or notEnvironmental Assistance Office (EAO), Infrastructure, Design, Environment, and Sustainability (IDEAS) Center, UNC Charlotte, 20093.5 Data Collection MethodData collection is simply how information is gathered. There are various methods of data collection such as in the flesh(predicate) interviewing, telephone, mail and the Internet. There are several data collection methods, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Data was gathered through questionnaires.The items for the questionnaire have formulated according to the questionnaire approach pattern. A questionnaire is a set of the question which to record the respond of the answers. According to this research, we steady down to use questionnaires that we personally administer to suit the topic of our study. Through the knowledge, we know that questionnaires are popular means of collecting data, but difficult to design and often require many rewrites before an accep slacken questionnaire is produced.A questionnaire is self-possessed of questions or statements. A way to learn how to write questionnaires is to look at other samples of questionnaires. Questionnaires may be designed to gather either qualitative or quantitative data. Quantitative questions are more exact then qualitative. Any question must be perplexityfully crafted, but in particular questions that assess a qualitative measure must be phrased to avoid ambiguity. Qualitative questions may also require more persuasion on the part of the participant and may cause them to become world-weary with the questionnaire sooner. In general, we can say that questionnaires can measure both qualitative and quantitative data well, but that qualitative questions require more care in design, administration, and interpretation (Schmidt, H. J., 2000)Our study is finding out the recycle behavior among the student, therefore we have formulated the questions to the student in MMU.3.6 Questionn aire DesignOur questionnaire has been distributed to the student in MMU. The questionnaire has been divided into three parts Part A, B, and C. As Part A of the questionnaire is focus on the personal detail of the student, however the routine part is look on the student frequency of recycle. Part C is the independent variables of the study.3.7 Sampling MethodSampling is the act, process, or technique of selecting a suitable sample, or a representative part of a universe for the purpose of determining parameters or characteristics of the whole population. From the study, we decide to use favourable sample as our sampling method. A convenience sample results when the more convenient elementary units are chosen from a population for observation.3.8 adjudicate SizeWe are selecting our study sample size is 100 of MMU student. We matte up it was the best and was suitable for the population this is so because in research it has been say that a sample size between the range larger than 30 and less than 500 is appropriate. The smaller the group size, the harder it is to be certain that the approach pattern curve assumptions have not been violated (Todman and Dugard, 2001). Sample size is one of the four inter-related features of a study design that can influence the perception of significant differences, relationships or interactions (Peers, 1996).3.9 Unit of AnalysisIn our study we are interested and gather the information of MMU students. In case of our research we will be focusing to collect the data from the MMU student. Unit of analysis of our research is an individual.3.10 Pilot studyThis study is conducted among 4 random students to find out whether it is easily understand by the respondents. The study also knows the recycle behavior of the respondent. It helps the young generation to create a better future and save the resource to re-use. This study was very successful, because all students understand the questionnaire without confusing when the responde nt questioning. The only issue through the study is some of the questions are quite like similar, but meanings of the questions are difference.3.11 Data analysis TechniquesOnce the questionnaire is completing gather, the data is done according to the dissertation. We are using SPSS software through the computer to do the data analysis. Regression and correlation analysis was apply to analyze data. The data after the analysis we show it in the table in the next chapter of this.CHAPTER 4RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION4.1 IntroductionWe have distributed 100 copies of questionnaires for our survey. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Frequencies for each demographic variable were computed. We are using Cronbachs Alpha to assess our reliableness (Cronbach, 1951 Hayes, 1998). Higher Alpha coefficients indicate higher scale reliability (Santos, 1999). In addition, Nunnally (1978) suggests that scales with 0.70 Alpha coefficients and above are co nsidered acceptable.Demographic Profile of RespondentsRespondents for this study are typically undergraduates of Multimedia University (MMU). As described in Table 4.1.1, majority of the respondents are male (54%), their age is between 21-30 years old (65%). obscure from that, they are taking undergraduate program in MMU (94%), and their income is below RM1000 (59%). closely of them are Malaysian (85%). Besides the race of Chinese (31%), from the Faculty of Business and Laws (79%), are single (99%).From the Table 4.1.2, generally, Majority of the MMU student are recycling (80%). Most of them recycles every month (45%), recycles for years (50%). In Addition, mainly for them to recycle is to save the environment (90%). Most of them recycle plastics (72.5%). For MMU students, they often (29%) recycle in campus. For those who are not recycling, (85%) of them will suffer to recycle.TABLE 4.1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE SAMPLES DEMOGRAPHIC visiblenessVariableFrequencyPercent (%)GenderMal e5454.0 egg-producing(prenominal)4646.0AgeBelow 21 years old3535.021-30 years old6565.0EducationSPM / STPM / equivalent55.0 sheepskin / Degree / equivalent9494.0Master / Doctorate / equivalent11.0IncomeRM1000 and below5959.0RM1001-RM20003030.0RM2001-RM300099.0RM3001 and above22.0NationalityMalaysian8585.0Non-Malaysian1515.0EthnicityMalay3737.0Chinese3131.0Indian1919.0Others1313.0MaritalSingle9999.0Married11.0FacultyFOSEE11.0FBL7979.0FIST1010.0FET88.0Others22.0Table 4.1.2 PORTRAYS AN OVERVIEW OF THE SAMPLES DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILEVariablesFrequencyPercent (%)Do you recycle?Yes8080No2020If yes, How often do you recycle?Every day911.3Every calendar week2328.8Every month3645Every year1215How long have you been recycling?Days33.8Weeks78.8Months3037.5Years4050Why do you recycle?To save the environment7290For fun45For tradition (my family does it)45Others00What do you recycle?Plastic5872.5Paper56.3Cardboard810Cans67.5Bottles33.8Others00If you dont recycle, will you start?Yes1785No315If you ev er lived on campus before(i.e. dorms), how often did you recycle when you live campus?Never1212seldom1919Often2929Always2323I have never lived on campus or recycling was not available17174.2 profile of respondentsFigure 4.2.1 shows the grammatical gender of respondents, and according to the pie chart the most respondents are males with 54% secondly is females with 46%.Reason being that the study way conducted inside the university and Multimedia University is dominated by males than females.Figure 4.2.2 shows the age of respondents, and according to the pie chart the most respondents are those who age from 21-30 . The second largest age of respondents are those whose age is below 21 . Basically all of the respondents age from 21-30 the reason being that all of the respondents are students as the research was conduted in MMU.Figure 4.2.3 illustrates the Educational level of the respondents most of the respondents of the questionnaire survey are doing degree the reason being most of t he students in Multimedia University are from Secondary school and they are not at that satge of doing master or doctorate yet. is shown by the pie chart just a few number of respondents are doing SPM or they already did their them.F